VALE

VALE

Vale S.A.

Cyclical Commodities

★ Quality 34/100
Overvalued

Price today

$15.27

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What this business is made of

34qualityReturnsMoatBalance sheetPricing powerReinvestment

The business

Vale won the geological lottery: it mines iron cheaper than anyone.

Vale mines and sells iron ore to the world's steelmakers, mostly China. It charges per ton at the iron spot price, with premium pellets and a growing base metals business (nickel and copper) for batteries.

Low-cost Brazilian mines and high-grade iron — it sits in the first quartile of the global cost curve. That's not a brand moat; it's geology. When the iron price falls, Vale survives while the marginal players die.

Revenue history

$40.0B
2020
$54.5B
2021
$43.8B
2022
$41.8B
2023
$37.5B
2024
CAGR 5 años: +-1%

From $40.0B to $37.5B in 4 years. Sales are shrinking — the engine is losing steam.

Where each $100 of sales goes

Revenue $38.4B · FY2025

Cost of sales$24.9B · 65%
Operations$7.6B · 20%
Taxes and other$3.9B · 10%
Net profit$2.0B · 5%

Of every $100 in sales, $95 goes to costs and operations; $5 is left as net profit (5% margin).

Catalysts and risks

Iron production at an all-time record of 336Mt, with guidance to keep scaling.

Base Metals EBITDA doubled — copper and nickel are starting to really matter.

Dividend yield ~7% sustained as long as iron holds above $90/t.

⚠️

Chinese steel demand: if real estate keeps deflating, the iron price goes with it.

⚠️

Brumadinho provisions still have $4.3B contingent — the dead don't expire.

⚠️

Capex of $5.5B pressures reported FCF; the dividend depends on the cycle cooperating.

Charlie's note

Paying 13.85x for first-quartile geology is reasonable: the moat is the cost curve, not the brand, and with 4% growth and a 37% gross margin you're paying to survive when iron falls and the marginal players die. Patience here means waiting on the cycle, not the quality.

Analysis · May 2026

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